NATO Response
Role of NATO in the 21st Century
Since the end of the Cold War, the
role of NATO has shifted from containing the Soviet Union’s influence in Europe
to becoming an overall security organization. Although containing the Soviet
Union was at the forefront of NATO’s agenda, stopping the spread of communism
authoritarianism and fascism was also a major goal. Now that the threat of the
Soviet Union is gone, NATO membership has grown, with many countries having
initially been part of the Warsaw Pact joining. NATO has also become the go-to
organization due to its past successes in bringing about peace. The
introduction of the European Union after the signing of the Maastricht Treaty
in 1992 also contributed to the idea of collective defense and collective
security.
In recent years, NATO members have led
the way in multiple peacekeeping and counterterrorism operations, notably in
the Balkans region and Afghanistan. In regard to counterterrorism, Article V
was invoked for the first time after 9/11. Article V states that an attack on
one is an attack on all. Since then, Article V has been deployed in other instances
such as in Syria. In this sense, the role of
NATO could be seen as an intricate western alliance with the goal of democratic
peace. As stated above, containing authoritarianism was one of the original
goals of NATO. Today, this still seems to be one of its significant roles
because peacekeeping and counterterrorism operations usually deal with
dictatorships and weak states.
NATO’s attention has also shifted
towards containing Russia and China militarily and economically.
Russia’s aggression towards Ukraine and China’s growing GDP is of increasing
concern to NATO members. These issues are still unfolding today, so what NATO
will do is still unclear. However, the goals of collective security and
collective defense will most likely push the members of NATO to act on the
aggressions of Russia and China at some point.
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